Molecular characterizaton of mycoplasma gallisepticum isolated from chicken and turkey

Mycoplasma gallisepticum [MG] infection in chicken and turkey is still one of the important reasons causing economic losses in poultry. The current study concerned with rapid detection and molecular characterization of MG isolates. The all samples positive by culture were positive by PCR and rt- PCR. Five isolated [four from chicken and one from turkey] were sequenced for mgc2 gene. The present molecular study proved that four wild-type MG strains. [Eis 3- C-10, Eis 4- C-10, Eis 5- C-10 were recovered from chicken and one [Eis 6-T-10] was recovered from turkey. While Eis 7-C-10 [vaccinal F-strain] was isolated from commercial layer flock vaccinated with F- strain vaccine. We concluded that mgc2 gene was able to distinguish between MG wild - type and vaccinal strains

Advanced studies on Mycoplasma mastitis in Egyptian cattle and buffaloes

Mycoplasma mastitis has been seen in Egypt which is characterized by abnormal secretion followed by marked agalactiae which did not respond to treatment with antibiotics. Therefore, this study concerned with detection of mycoplasma mastitis in dairy cattle and buffaloes in six governorates using culture and molecular characterization. The highest prevalence was detected in cattle suffered from clinical mastitis at Menofia [73%], followed by Behera [50%], while Ismailia was the least [28.6%]. In the buffaloes isolation was from Menofia [100%] and Behera [60%]. The isolation rate from subclinical mastitis in cattle ranged from [0-12.4%] and from buffaloes [0-54.5%]. One hundred and twelve out of 151 isolates were identified as M. bovis, while only seven strains were M. bovirhinis and six M. arginini. On the other hand, 26 isolates were Acholeplasma species. The polymerase chain reaction [PCR] technique was used for the detection of M. bovis variable surface protein A gene [Vsp A gene] in dairy cattle and buffaloes suffered from mastitis. All positive samples by culture were positive by PCR. Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene of M. arginini isolate gave 99% homology with the reference strain [G 230]. Comparing of M. bovis isolates [Vsp gene] with the reference strain [PG 45] cleared the identity of 96-98% while the identity was 94-100% when compared with the Italian M. bovis field strain [Sar I]

Focus on the synthesis and reactions of some new pyridine carbonitrile derivatives as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents

3-[4-CHLOROPHENYL]-1-[2, 4-dichlorophenyl]-propen-1-one [1] was prepared and reacted with active methylene compound, ethyl cyanoacetate in the presence of ammonium acetate 10 give the corresponding pyridine carbonitrile [2]. The behavior of compound 2 towards phosphorous pentasulfide, phosphorous oxychloride and some acyclic-sugars has been investigated and afforded compounds 3, 4 and 5a-d, respectively. The thioxo-pyridine carbonitrile [3] reacted with different halo compounds namely: methyl iodide, ethyl chloroacetate, some acyclic sugars to afford 6, 7 and 8a-c, respectively. Treatment of compound 3 with acrylonitrile afforded compound 9. Reaction of the thiosulfanyl 6 with hydrazine hydrate gave the hydrazine derivative 10 while reaction of 7 with the same reagents gave the acid hydrazide 11. Also, compound 4 reacted with different nucleophiles to afford compounds 10, 12-14. Condensation of compound 10 with ethyl acetoacetate, acetyl acetone, acetic anhydride, p-chlorobenzaldehyde afforded compounds 15-18, respectively. Moreover, compound 10 reacted with carbon disulfide to afford compound 19. Finally, condensation of compound 10 with aldehydo-sugar namely: D-glucose gave the corresponding acyclic nucleoside 20. Furthermore, biological evaluation of some prepared compounds has been assessed and some of them revealed promising antimicrobial and antioxidant activity

Intraocular lesions simulating choroidal melanoma

During the last 3 years intraocular lesions simulating choroidal melanoma were reported. 6 eyes were reported with choroidal melanoma. A single patient was reported to have secondaries in both eyes. Intraocular haemangioma were found in 2 cases. Choroidal nevi were found in 2 cases. Pigmented epithelial hypertrophy is a single case and two eyes with absolute secondary glaucoma proved to be retinal haematoma

Effect of Nigella sativa oil on the hamster lymphocytes secondary to DMBA-induced carcinogenesis

This study was designed to evaluate the possible role of Nigella sativa L. [NS] oil, as immuno-stimulatory agent against DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch [HBP] carcinogenesis. This study was carried-out on eighty-five male golden Syrian hamsters divided into nine main groups. In animals of DMBA-treated groups, the left buccal pouches were painted with 0.5% DMBA, 3 times/week. Animals of NS-treated groups were given 5 mgs /day of NS oil orally. Other groups were given both NS and DMBA at the same time, 3 times/week. Before animals sacrificing, blood samples were withdrawn from the orbital sinus. Both buccal pouches were surgically excised, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formaline, and processed for H and E stain. Topical application of DMBA in HBP induced immunosuppression through reduction of lymphocytes production and produced different grades of epithelial dysplasia. Administration of NS oil, significantly enhanced the immune system through increased lymphocytes production, and inhibited development of advanced dysplastic changes. These findings suggest that NS oil is a potential retarding agent of DMBA-induced HBP carcinogenesis possibly through enhancing the cell-mediated immune system

Expression of p53 following Nigella sativa Oil treatment in DMBA-induced :hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis

This study was designed to evaluate the possible role of Nigella sativa L. [NS] oil, as chemopreventive agent against DMBA- induced hamster buccal pouch [HBP] carcinogenesis. This study was carried-out on eighty-five male golden Syrian hamsters divided into nine main groups. In animals of DMBA-treated groups the left buccal pouches were painted with 0.5% DMBA, 3 times/week. Animals of NS-treated groups, were given 5 mgs/day of NS oil orally. Other groups were given both NS and DMBA at the same time, 3 times/week for 6 weeks. The animals were sacrificed by inhalation of high dose of ether. Both buccal pouches were surgically excised fixed in 10% neutral buffered formaline, and processed for H and E and p53 immunohistochemical stains. Topical application of DMBA in HBP, produced different grades of epithelial dysplasia, and over-expression of mutant p53. Administration of NS oil, inhibited the development of advanced dysplastic changes, and decreased expression of mutant p53. These findings suggest that NS oil is a potential retarding agent of DMBA-induced HBP carcinogenesis through down-regulating mutant p53 expression

TNF-alpha [-308], IL-10 [-1082] and IL-1Ra [VNTR] gene polymorphism in leprosy cases from the Nile Delta region of Egypt

This study examined the genotype frequencies of three promoter polymorphic sites in the TNF-alpha, IL-10 and IL-genes as well as IL-1Ra VNTR in leprotic patients to investigate whether the genetic regulation of their production could be implicated in leprosy pathogenesis and prognosis. DNA from 47 leprotic patients and 42 healthy controls, all from Gharbia, Egypt, were examined with the polymerase chain reaction in a case-controlled study. The polymorphic sites in genes of the TNF-alpha at position -308, IL-10 at position -1082 and IL-6 at position -174 as well as 86-base pair variable number tandem repeat within intron 2 of the IL-1Ra gene were determined. It was speculated that there is a complex interaction between cytokine gene polymorphisms and phenotypic iversity of cells network that contribute to the host defense

Assessment of PEP device in chronic bronchial asthma

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways associated with hyperresponsiveness, airflow limitation, and respiratory symptoms. It is the most common chronic lung disease in both the developed and developing worlds. There is evidence that over the last 20 years its prevalence has increased worldwide. Chest physiotherapy is widely prescribed to assist the clearance of airway secretions in people with asthma. Positive expiratory pressure [PEP] device provides constant back pressure to the airways during expiration. This may improve clearance by building up gas behind mucus via collateral ventilation. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of PEP device as a mean of improving mucus clearance and other outcomes in patients with chronic intrinsic bronchial asthma. The effect of 8 weeks of PEP device was studied on 24 men with chronic intrinsic bronchial asthma, 12 men as a PEP group and another 12 men as a control group. After PEP device in combination with forced expiratory technique, a more pronounced improvement in mucus clearance, oxygen saturation, and pulmonary function was seen in the PEP group. The control group demonstrated no difference between the baseline and after 8 weeks measurements for all variables Eight weeks of PEP device in combination with forced expiratory technique resulted in a significant improvement in the mucus clearance, oxygen saturation, and pulmonary function in patients with chronic intrinsic bronchial asthma

clinical and prognostic significance of early retinal microvascular changes in untreated essental hypertensives

The clinical and prognostic significance of initial retinal changes in hypertensive patients remains controversial. So, we assessed the relationship of microvascular abnormalities with prognostically validated markers of target organ damage [TOD], such as left ventricular mass [LVM], carotid intima-media thickness [IMT] and microalbuminuria, in early stages of untreated essential hypertension. A total of 280 consecutive, never-treated patients with grade 1 or 2 essential hypertension, referred to outpatient clinic, underwent the following procedures: [1] clinical and routine laboratory examinations, [2] 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, [3] 24-h urine collection for microalbuminuria, [4] transthoracic echo-Doppler evaluation, [5] carotid ultrasonography, [6] mydriatic retinography. Patients were divided into three groups; group I, with normal retinal pattern [n =67, 24%], group II arteriolar narrowing [n = 93, 32.2%] and group III with arteriovenous crossings [n =120, 42.9%]. The three groups were similar for gender, body mass index, smoking habit, heart rate, clinic and ambulatory blood pressure [BP] values, while mean age was slightly but significantly higher in group III than in group I[47.6 +/- 10.7 versus 43.6 +/- 11.5 years, P = 0.03]. slight but significant differences occurred between group III and group I in LVM index [112.5 +/- 19 versus 102.1 +/- 11 g/m2, p<0.04], carotid IMT 0.78 +/- 0.18 versus 0.64 +/- 0.12 mm, p<0.05], urinary albumin excretion rate [18.4 +/- 28.4 versus 12.6 +/- 26 mg/ 24h, p<0.05] as well as in the prevalence of LV hypertrophy [15.3 versus 8.10%, p<0.006], IM thickening and plaques [28.78, 23.54% versus 15.6 and 13.5%, p<0.008, 0.006] both defined according to 2003 ESH-ESC guidelines]. These results show that: [1] a large fraction [more than 76%] of untreated, recently diagnosed hypertensive patients have initial retinal microvascular abnormalities detectable by mydriatic retinography, [2] the presence of diffuse arteriolar narrowing is not associated with more prominent cardiac and extracardiac TOD, while the presence of arteriovenous crossings are associated, [3] fundoscopic examination has a valuable clinical value to detect widespread organ involvement in grade 1 and 2 recently diagnosed hypertension

Effect of graded exercise on maximal aerobic capacity in hypertension

Forty subjects with essential hypertension [grade II] participated in this study after giving a written informed consent, in order to investigate the effect of exercise training program on maximal aerobic capacity. The age of the subjects ranged between 45 and 70 years. None of the subjects complained of any disease that is contraindicated for the study. The patients performed walking on the treadmill starting at 55% of each individual's heart rate reserve. Training intensity was increased by 5% to of heart rate reserve every month till reached 80%, of heart rate reserve. The training session time was 25 minutes at starting the program and ended by 50 minutes, three sessions per week for six months. Maximal aerobic capacity [VO2 max] and blood pressure were measured before the first session and then after completion of six months. The results showed that there was a significant increase in maximal aerobic capacity and a significant decrease in blood pressure after exercise training. This improvement may be due to that regular aerobic exercise induces a blood pressure lowering effect acting on the sympathetic/parasympathetic balance, that is reducing the sympathetic tone or enhancing the parasympathetic one

Use of balance training in diabetic postural instability

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect to balance training program on postural instability in diabetic patients. A standard balance tests either static or dynamic performed in balance master system were evaluated before beginning of balance training and once again after the end of ten weeks of training. The age of the patients ranged between 52 and 62 years. No changes were made in the standard of medical care associated with diabetes for these subjects. All subjects received balance-training program on the balance master system three times per week [every other day] for 30 minutes for the session for ten weeks duration. The results showed that there were significant improvements in both static and dynamic measures after ten weeks of training. These improvements may be due to that visual information can compensate for sensorimotor loss and, with training, subjects can assimilate the information, thus establishing a central motor program, such that the external feedback would no longer be required

Effect of monochromatic infrared energy therapy in diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Thirty-two male subjects with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes for at least five years were enrolled in this study. A diagnosis of painful peripheral neuropathy, based on patient history and physical examination and none had lower extremity ulcers, were selected after giving a written informed consent in order to investigate the effect of monochromatic near-infrared photo energy on diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The age of the subjects ranged between 52 and 62 years. No changes were made in the standard of medical care associated with diabetes for these subjects. All subjects received monochromatic near-infrared photo energy treatment three times per week for 30 minutes for each foot for eight weeks duration. The Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments test and visual analog scale for pain [VAS] were evaluated before beginning of treatment with monochromatic near- infrared photo energy and once again after the end of eight weeks of treatment. The results showed that there were significant improvements in sensation and pain after treatment with monochromatic near-infrared photo energy for eight weeks. These effects have been attributed to dilatation of the vessels and improved circulation related to the localized release of nitric oxide, which is known to relax smooth muscles found in arteries, veins and lymph vessels. Nitric oxide is also a neurotransmitter and it leads to improving the nutrition for the nerves

Influence of interferential current therapy with suction on intermittent claudication for creriatrics

Twenty-five male patients, ranging in age from forty-five to sixty years, with chronic moderate stable peripheral vascular disease with calvesi intermittent claudication in both lower limbs without pain at rest were admitted to the study. All patients were normotensive, without clinical history of coronary artery diseases, signs of cardiac failure or valvular heart diseases, or symptoms of cerebral vascular insufficiency and all of them were ex-smokers. Prior to entry into the study, the procedures were explained to each patient and written informed consent was obtained from each patient. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of interferential current therapy with suction on patients with intermittent claudication. The interferential current therapy was applied for 20 minutes via four suction electrodes three times per week [day other day] for three months duration for each lower limb. The ankle/brachial pressure index, pain-free and maximal walking times were measured before beginning of treatment with interferential current with suction and once again after the end of three months of treatment. The results showed that there are significant increases in ankle/brachial pressure index, pain-free and maximal walking times after treatment by interferential current with suction for three months. These effects have been attributed to that interferential therapy can induce an increase in circulation by the withdrawal of sympathetic tone in the muscular coat of the small arterioles

Efficacy of high frequency chest wall oscillation on pulmonary functions in chronic bronchitis

Twenty male patients with chronic bronchitis participated in this study, after giving a written informed consent, in order to investigate the changes that occur in the ventilatory functions and arterial oxygen saturation percentage as a result for administration of high-frequency chest wall oscillation. The age of the subjects ranged between 60 - 70 years. They underwent a thorough medical and physical examinations. None of the subjects complains of any disease that is contraindicated for the study. High-frequency chest wall oscillation was administered at 8 Hz, 16 Hz, and 24 Hz each for 5 minutes. With a pressure span n15/+ 10 mm Hg. The sessions were daily, fifteen minutes for each session, two sessions per day for three months duration. The session was performed with patients in sitting position and proceeded from the lowest to highest frequency. Pulmonary function tests:f orced vital capacity [PVC] forced expiratory volume in the first second of exhalation [FEV1-] and. artcrial oxygln saturation percentage [O2 sat%] were performed and measured before the first session and then after completion of three months. The results showed that there are significant increase in forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expirafory volume in the first second of exhalation [FEV I] and arterial oxygen saturation percentage [O2 sat%] after administration of high-frequency chest wall oscillation in cases of chronic bronchitis for three months. These effects have been attributed to improved interregional and intraregional gas mixing, mucus shearing due to increased mucus-airflow interaction, enhancement of cilia beat-frequency as a result of the reflex mechanism, and facilitation of the cephaled movement of mucus by the higher expiratory flows

Benefits of ten weeks high frequency electrical stimulation on muscle ischemia in patients with peripheral vascular disease

A sample consisting of 14 patients with peripheral vascular disease was participated in this study in order to investigate the effect of a high frequency transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the leg muscles on the pain-free walking time, maximum walking time and ankle/brachial systolic pressure index. None of the subjects complained of any disease, other than peripheral vascular disease, that can influence the study. A high frequency transcutaneous electrical stimulation session was applied for 30 minutes, five sessions weekly for ten weeks. The variables were assessed before the first session and after the end of ten weeks of stimulation. The results showed that there was a significant increase in all variables after the end of ten weeks of stimulation

Evalation of deep venous thrombosis in the lower limbs and pelvis. mr venography versus duplex doppler sonography

This study was designed to show the comparable diagnostic value of MR venography and color Doppler Sonography in the assessment of deep venous thrombosis [DVT]. Twenty five patients with clinically suspected DVT of the lower limb and pelvis were included in this study. Two Dimensional Time of Flight MR venography and color Doppler sonography were performed to all cases twelve hours before conventional venography. The data were collected prospectively and analyzed in blinded manner. In evaluating DVT in the pelvic region, MR venography was superior to color Doppler sonography, reported 91% sensitivity and 99.4% specificity versus 78% sensitivity and 98% specificity for Doppler sonography. MR venography and color Doppler sonography were 100% sensitive and 100% specific in evaluating DVT in the thigh region. While, MR venography surpassed both techniques in evaluating DVT in the calf veins, with sensitivity and specificity of 87.5% and 99% respectively versus 67% sensitivity and 97% specificity for color Doppler sonography. MR showed more ability to assess the extent of thrombus. MR venography showed 47 collateral vessels, where as only 40 were dedected by contrast enhanced venography. The combined readings of axial and maximum intensity projection MR images was significantly modified the levels of sensitivity and specificity of MR venography. MR venography was more sensitive than color Doppler sonography in evaluating pelvic and calf DVT. Where as both techniques were equivalent in evaluating femoro popliteal DVT. MR venography showed better demonestration of thrombus extension and collaterals